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A Star Helicopter Top Speed

Written By Thursday, November 3, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Single engine serial of the Ecureuil light helicopter family

AS350 Écureuil/AStar
RAN squirrel helicopter at melb GP 08.jpg
An AS350BA Squirrel of the Imperial Australian Navy Armada Air Arm at the 2008 Australian Grand Prix
Role Light utility helicopter

Type of shipping
National origin France
Manufacturer Aérospatiale
Eurocopter
Airbus Helicopters
Helibras
First flight 27 June 1974
Introduction 1975
Status In service
Principal users Brazilian Air Forcefulness
Pakistan Army Aviation
Royal Jordanian Air Force
Produced 1975–present
Number built 7,000 (july 2022)[1]
.3,590 (AS350/AS550: 2009)[2]
Variants Eurocopter AS550 Fennec
Eurocopter AS355 Écureuil ii
Developed into Eurocopter AS355

AS350 Rainbow Helicopter in Hawaii, 2021

AS350 Rainbow Helicopter in Hawaii, 2021

AS350 B2 Ecureuil, reg I-ALWE, of Elifly operator in Italy, 2018

The Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil (or Squirrel), now Airbus Helicopters H125, is a single-engine low-cal utility helicopter originally designed and manufactured in France by Aérospatiale and Eurocopter (now Airbus Helicopters). In Due north America, the AS350 is marketed equally the AStar. The AS355 Ecureuil 2 is a twin-engine variant, marketed in North America every bit the TwinStar. The Eurocopter EC130 is a derivative of the AS350 airframe and is considered by the manufacturer to be office of the Écureuil unmarried-engine family unit.[3]

Development [edit]

In the early 1970s, Aérospatiale initiated a evolution programme to produce a replacement for the crumbling Aérospatiale Alouette Ii.[four] While the Aérospatiale Gazelle, which had been developed in the 1960s and 1970s, had been met with numerous orders by armed services customers, commercial sales of the type had been less than predictable, thus the demand for a ceremonious-oriented evolution was identified.[iv]

The development of the new rotorcraft, which was headed by Chief Engineer René Mouille, was focused on the production of an economic and cost-effective aerial vehicle, thus both Aérospatiale's Production and Procurement departments were heavily involved in the design process.[iv] One such measure out was the use of a rolled sheet construction, a manufacturing technique adapted from the automotive industry; another innovation was the newly adult Starflex chief rotor. It was also decided that both civil and armed forces variants of the emergent helicopter would be developed to conform with established military requirements.[four]

On 27 June 1974, the first image, an AS350C powered past a Lycoming LTS101 turboshaft engine, conducted its maiden flight at Marignane, France; the 2nd prototype, powered by a Turbomeca Arriel 1A, following on fourteen February 1975.[4] [5] The Arriel-powered version, the AS350B, intended for sale throughout the globe except for Due north America, was certified in France on 27 Oct 1977, while the Lycoming powered AS350C (or AStar) was certified by the United states Federal Aviation Administration on 21 December 1977. In March 1978, deliveries to customers began for the AS350B, deliveries of the AS350C began in April 1978.[half dozen]

Over time, the AS350 Écureuil/AStar has received further evolution; while the shipping's design remains broadly similar, aspects such as the rotor system, powerplants, and avionics have been progressively improved. On six February 1987, a prototype AS350 B2 flew with a fenestron tail-rotor in the place of its conventional counterpart. On 1 March 1997, the offset AS350 B3, equipped with an Arriel 2B engine, performed its first flying.[4]

Conversion programs and addons for AS350s take been produced and are offered past third-political party 'aftermarket' aerospace firms in improver to those bachelor direct from the blazon'due south prime number manufacturer. Variants of the Arriel-powered AS350B, AS350 BA, AS350 B1, AS350 B2, and AS350 B3, were progressively introduced; the later B3 differing from preceding models by the increasing use of digital systems, such as the Garmin-congenital G500H avionics suite and FADEC engine control system.[seven]

Prior to 2013, the type had been manufactured principally at Eurocopter'south Marignane facility, near Marseille, France; Eurocopter opted to, as office of a movement to disperse its helicopter production activities, brainstorm AS350 production and concluding assembly activities at its factory in Columbus, Mississippi for deliveries to U.Southward. commercial helicopter market place. The Astar has been Eurocopter's biggest-selling production in the U.s.a. commercial market, at one betoken selling roughly one AS350 every business concern twenty-four hours.[viii] [nine] In March 2015, the first Columbus-assembled AS350 B3e received its FAA certification.[10] In Dec 2015, Airbus Helicopters reported their intention to double the rate of AS350 production at Columbus in 2016 over the previous year, and that the facility is capable of producing upwardly to 65 AS350s per year.[eleven]

Design [edit]

The AS350 is a single engine helicopter, powered either past a Lycoming LTS101 or Turbomeca Arriel powerplant (for twin-engined variants, encounter Eurocopter AS355), that drives a three-blade main rotor, which is furnished with a Starflex rotor head. The type is known for its high-altitude performance and has seen use by operators in such environments.[7] Both the master and tail rotors make use of composite cloth and are designed to minimize corrosion and maintenance requirements.[12]

The AS350 was also adult to comply with the noise requirements in place in locations such as national parks; the in-motel dissonance levels are such that passengers may too readily converse during flight. The shipping can also be chop-chop started upwardly and close downwards, which is often useful during emergency medical services roles.[12] It is equipped with hydraulically-assisted flying controls; these controls remain operational, admitting operated with greater concrete endeavor, in the event of a hydraulic failure.[13]

Much of the AS350's avionics are provided by Garmin, such every bit the GI 106A course-deviation indicator, GNS 430 VHF/VOR/localizer/glideslope indicator/Global Positioning Arrangement receiver, GTX 327 Mode A and C transponder, and GMA 340H intercom.[12] The Vehicle and Engine Multifunction Brandish (VEMD) and the First Limit Indicator (FLI) both serve to increment the aircraft'due south safety during flight, reducing the number of gauges that need to be monitored by the pilot and thereby reducing their workload.[fourteen] For increased smoothness in flying, which positively affects passenger comfort as well as safety, stability augmentation systems can be installed. Subsequently-production aircraft characteristic new avionics and systems such equally the integration of an Automatic Flight Control Organisation (AFCS) and autopilot, a glass cockpit featuring three liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) and digital avionics, such as the synthetic-vision terrain mapping system and Airbus's Multibloc center panel upon which radios may be mounted.[7] [fifteen]

The AS350 has proven popular in a range of roles; multiple cabin configurations can be used, between iv and six passengers in a typical seating configuration, and large sliding doors can be fitted to either side of the cabin. In some operators' fleets, the effects of the cabin has been designed to enable the internal infinite and/or equipment fit-out to be speedily reconfigured to enable shipping to be switched between roles.[vii]

Public service operators, such every bit those in police force enforcement, often have forward looking infrared (FLIR) cameras and other mission systems installed on their shipping. Other optional equipment on offer to operates had included real-time information links, rescue hoists, underslung cargo hooks, electrical external mirrors, search lights, tactical consoles, nighttime vision goggle-compatibility, moving-map organisation, internal cabin tie-downs, second battery kit, sand filters, wire strike protection organisation, four-channel radio, tail rotor curvation, cabin flooring windows, and removable seats.[7] [14]

Modern aircraft have refinements beyond those featuring on older models; these changes include dual-channel FADEC-equipped engines, increasing use of digital avionics in the cockpit, decreased maintenance costs, a re-designed cabin, and a comfortable Stylence interior (optional).[7] [fourteen] Older aircraft often undergo refurbishment programs to install aftermarket features, or for the add-on of functionality common to newer production aircraft, such every bit retrofitting of the glass cockpit.[15]

Operational history [edit]

On 14 May 2005, an AS350 B3 piloted by Eurocopter examination pilot Didier Delsalle touched down on the top of Mount Everest, at 8,848 yard (29,030 ft),[16] [17] [18] a tape that has been confirmed by the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale.[xix] On 29 April 2010, a stripped-down AS350 B3 rescued 3 Castilian alpinists, i at a fourth dimension, from the slopes of Annapurna I, Nepal at an altitude of vi,900 m (22,640 ft); this set a new record for the highest such rescue.[20] The record was increased to 7,800 one thousand (25,590 ft), during the rescue of Sudarshan Gautam between Camps III & IV in Everest's Yellow Band on the morning of 20 May 2013.[21] [22] [23] [24] On two June 2014, an AS350 B3e broke a national tape in United mexican states by successfully landing on the elevation of Pico de Orizaba, at 5,636 m (18,490 ft), the nation'due south tallest mountain.[25]

The AS350 AStar has been successful in the US market, having become the most popular helicopter platform in use with American governmental agencies, police force enforcement beingness a typical employ of the type, by 2015.[26] By 1999, the AS350 had become the prime helicopter being used by the United States Community Service for light enforcement operations;[27] by 2007, the bureau had become the single largest operator of the type in the world.[28] By 2012, out of the 3,300 AS350s in functioning across the globe, 783 of them were in service with American-based operators.[29]

In the Russian market place since 2006, the AS350 and other helicopters built past the manufacturer have been sold and supported by wholly owned subsidiary Eurocopter Vostok; UTair Aviation soon emerged every bit the largest Russian operator of the AS350 B3e with a fleet of at least 20 of the type.[xxx]

In December 2014, EASA validation was issued for Airbus Helicopters Communist china to carry grooming and support activity at their facility in Shenzhen, China; various components of the AS350 (such as the primary and tail gearboxes) are now maintained locally.[31] On ix September 2015, China'southward first helicopter leasing company, CM International Financial Leasing Corp Ltd (CMIFL), placed an order for 100 Ecureuil-serial helicopters, these are to be a mix of H125 and H130 helicopters.[32] [33]

Brazil has been an extensive operator of the AS350; by 2011 more than 300 helicopters were operating in the state, including from the flight deck of the Brazilian aircraft carrier São Paulo.[15] [34] Since 1984, the Brazilian Navy has used AS350s to back up the Brazilian Antarctic Program.[35] Helibras, a wholly owned subsidiary of Eurocopter, operates in the country; of the 600 helicopters it had domestically manufactured for the Brazilian market past 2012, lxx% were AS350s.[36] In January 2011, Helibras signed a contract with the Brazilian Ground forces to substantially upgrade and refurbish their existing armada of 36 AS350 Ecureuils.[37]

In the United Kingdom, the Defence force Helicopter Flight School operated 26 AS350, designated Squirrel HT1, for the preparation of pilots of Britain's military machine; the type was introduced from 1997 onwards as a replacement for the Aérospatiale Gazelle.[38] In September 2014, the Uk'south Ministry of Defence issued a asking for proposals to supplant the Squirrel HT1; Airbus Helicopters has already announced its intention to offering a mixed fleet of Eurocopter EC130s and Eurocopter EC135s in response.[39] Since May 1984, the Royal Australian Navy's Fleet Air Arm has operated a fleet of AS350s, these were upgraded to the AS350 BA standard in 1995; the Royal Australian Air Strength had previously operated the AS350 for training purposes, and briefly for search and rescue missions, merely these were later transferred to the Australian Army.[40]

Between June 2007 and December 2007, the Danish Air Force operated a deployment of iv AS350 helicopters at Basra International Aerodrome, Republic of iraq, to perform liaison and reconnaissance missions in support of coalition forces during the Republic of iraq State of war.[41] In June 2015, the Argentine Defense Ministry ordered 12 H125s to supervene upon their 1970s era Aérospatiale SA 315B Lamas for para-public support missions, such as search and rescue operations, inside Argentina.[42] By June 2020, three,663 H125 were operational, the largest number of whatsoever type.[43]

Variants [edit]

AS350
Epitome.
AS350 Firefighter
Fire fighting version.
AS350B
Powered by 1 Turbomeca Arriel 1B engine.
AS350 B1
Improved version of the original AS350B, which is powered by ane Arriel 1D engine, type also fitted with AS355 main rotor blades, AS355 tail rotor with tabs and a tail rotor servo.
AS350 B2
College gross weight version powered by one Arriel 1D1 engine over the B1 version with aerodynamic strake fitted to tail smash along the starboard side and angled engine exhaust duct for better yaw control.
AS350 B3
High-performance version, is powered past an Arriel 2B engine equipped with a unmarried aqueduct Digital Engine Command Unit (DECU) with a mechanical backup system. This helicopter is the first e'er to state on the pinnacle of Mountain Everest. AS350 B3/2B1 variant introduces enhanced engine with dual channel Full Authorisation Digital Engine Control (FADEC), dual hydraulics and a two,370 kg (5,225 lb) Maximum Take Off Weight. AS350 B3e (introduced late 2011) equipped with the Arriel 2d engine; AS350 B3e renamed H125.[44]
AS350 BA
Powered by an Arriel 1B engine and fitted with wider chord AS355 main rotor blades and tail rotor servo.
AS350 BB
AS350 B2 variant selected to meet rotary-fly training needs of UK MoD, through its Defense force Helicopter Flying Schoolhouse in 1996. Powered by a derated Arriel 1D1 engine to meliorate the helicopters' life cycle.
Eurocopter Squirrel HT.ane
Designation of AS350BB operated past the British Military, through the Defense force Helicopter Flight School equally a training helicopter.
Eurocopter Squirrel HT.two
Designation of AS350BB operated by the British Army Air Corps as a grooming helicopter, based at Middle Wallop. Now retired.
AS350 C
Initial variant of Lycoming LTS-101-600A2 powered version adult for the North American market place as the AStar. Quickly superseded by AS350D.
AS350 D
Powered past ane Lycoming LTS-101 engine for the North American marketplace as the AStar. At i stage marketed as AStar 'Marking Three.'
AS350 L1
Armed forces derivative of AS350 B1, powered past a 510kW (684shp) Turbomeca Arriel 1D turboshaft engine. Superseded by AS350 L2.
AS350 L2
War machine derivative of AS350 B2, powered by a 546 kW (732shp) Turbomeca Arriel 1D1 turboshaft engine. Designation superseded past AS550 C2.
HB350 B Esquilo
Unarmed military version for the Brazilian Air Force. Brazilian designations CH-50 and TH-50. Built under licence past Helibras in Brazil.
HB350 B1 Esquilo
Unarmed military version for the Brazilian Navy. Brazilian designation UH-12. Congenital under licence past Helibras in Brazil.
HB350 L1
Armed military version for the Brazilian Army. Brazilian designation HA-1. Built under licence by Helibras in Brazil.

Aftermarket conversions [edit]

Soloy SD1, Super D
AS350 BA, D powered past an LTS101-600A-3A engine.
Soloy AllStar
AS350 BA powered past a Rolls Royce 250-C30 engine.
Soloy SD2
AS350 B2 powered by an LTS101-700D-ii engine.
Heli-Lynx 350FX1
AS350 BA powered by an LTS101-600A-3A engine.
Heli-Lynx 350FX2
AS350 BA or AS350 B2 powered by an LTS101-700D-2 engine.
Otech AS350BA+
AS350 BA powered by an LTS101-600A-3A engine.[45]

Operators [edit]

The AS350 is in service around the earth operated by private individuals, airline and charter operators, emergency medical teams, governments and law enforcement agencies.

Military and regime operators [edit]

Argentina
  • Argentine National Gendarmerie[46]
  • Buenos Aires Province Police[47]
Austria
  • Austrian Federal Police[48]
Bolivia
  • Bolivian Air Force[49]
Botswana
  • Botswana Defense Force Air Wing[49]
Brazil

  • Brazilian Air Force[49]
  • Brazilian Navy[49]
  • São Paulo State Police[fifty]
  • Minas Gerais Land Police[51]
Burkina Faso
  • Burkina Faso Air Force[52]
Cambodia
  • Royal Cambodian Air Forcefulness[49]
Canada
  • Calgary Police Service[53]
  • Edmonton Police Service[54]
  • Royal Canadian Mounted Police[55]
Fundamental African Republic
  • Central African Republic Air Force[49]
Chad
  • Chadian Air Force[56]
Czechia
  • OK-DSW, human. no.: 7545[57]
Chile

  • Chilean Army[49]
Denmark
  • Royal Danish Air Force[58]
Ecuador
  • Ecuadorian Ground forces[59]
Egypt
  • Egyptian Air Force[58]
French republic
  • National Gendarmerie[60]
Gabon
  • Gabonese Air Force[49]
Georgia
  • Ministry of Internal Affairs[61] [62] [63]

Greenland
  • Air Greenland
Republic of guatemala
  • Guatemalan Air Force[64]
Guinea
  • Guinea Air Forcefulness[49]
Hungary
  • Hungarian Air Forcefulness[65]
Iceland
  • Icelandic Coast Guard[66]
Indonesia
  • Municipal Government of Mimika Regency[67]
Israel
  • State of israel Police[68]
Jordan
  • Royal Jordanian Air Strength[49]
Kenya
  • Kenya Air Forcefulness[69]
Kingdom of lesotho
  • Lesotho Defence Force – iii in service as of Jan 2019.[70] [71]

Madagascar
  • The Malagasy Air Forcefulness received 3 second-hand AS350B2s in June 2019.[72]
Republic of malaŵi
  • Malawi Ground forces Air Wing[49]
Namibia
  • Namibian Law Strength[73]
Nepal
  • Nepalese Army Air Service[49]
Pakistan
  • Pakistan Regular army Aviation
Paraguay
  • Paraguayan Air Forcefulness[49]
  • Paraguayan Naval Aviation[49]
Philippines

  • Philippine National Police[74]

Portugal

  • Ministry of Internal Administration (National Emergency and Civil Protection Authority) - 4 helicopters purchased in 2006, one crashed in 2015.[75] [76]
Qatar
  • Qatar Ministry of Defence — 1 in service, fifteen more than on guild as of Jan 2019.[77]
Russia
  • Russian Air Force[49]
South Africa
  • South African Police Service[78]
  • South African National Parks Air Wing[79]
Uzbekistan
  • Uzbekistan Air and Air Defense force Forces[ citation needed ]
Uk
  • Empire Test Pilots School
United States
  • Alaska State Troopers[80]
  • Anaheim Police Department[81]
  • Baltimore County Constabulary Section[82]
  • California Highway Patrol[83]

  • Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department[84]
  • Los Angeles Police Section[85]
  • Jefferson Canton Sheriff's Department, Birmingham, AL
  • Memphis Police Department[86] [87]
  • Metropolitan Constabulary Section - Washington D.C.[88] [89]
  • Miami Police Department[90]
  • Miami-Dade Police Department
  • Oakland County Sheriff'southward Function[91]
  • Oklahoma City Constabulary Department[92]
  • Philadelphia Police Department[93] [94]
  • Pinellas County Sheriff'southward Office
  • Placer County Sheriff'due south Office[95]
  • Phoenix Police Department
  • San Diego Constabulary Section[96]
  • San Jose Police Department[97]
  • Suffolk County Police force Department[98]
  • U.Due south. Customs and Border Protection[99] [100]
Ukraine
  • Ministry building of Internal Diplomacy[101]

Retired [edit]

Australia
  • Royal Australian Navy[49] [102]
Great britain
  • Defence Helicopter Flying School[49]

Notable accidents and incidents [edit]

  • On Feb 22, 1995, Massachusetts Country Police helicopter N20SP carrying 2 troopers and ii AT&T engineers crashed into the yacht guild building. All on board died in the crash, which was attributed to meaning operating deficiencies within the Constabulary Air Wing which allowed contagion of the fuel bunker to go undetected.[103]
  • On 27 July 2007, two AS-350 AStar helicopters from television set stations KNXV-Tv and KTVK collided in mid-air over Phoenix, Arizona, while covering a police pursuit.[104] [105]
  • On 15 September 2007, old Globe Rally Championship driver Colin McRae and 3 passengers were killed when his AS350 B2 Squirrel,[106] which he was piloting, crashed most Lanark, Scotland.[107] [108]
  • On viii August 2009, a Piper PA-32R collided with an AS350 over the Hudson River, with both aircraft crashing into the Hudson River. There were no survivors.
  • On x June 2012, an AS350 B3e[109] belonging to the Republic of kenya Police Air Wing crashed in Kibiku area in Ngong Forest, west of Nairobi, Republic of kenya, killing at least 6 people, including Kenya's Interior Security Minister George Saitoti and his deputy Orwa Ojode.[110] [111]
  • On March 30, 2013, an Alaska State Troopers AS350 B3 N911AA impacted terrain while maneuvering during a search and rescue flight near Talkeetna, Alaska. All iii onboard died.[112]
  • On seven June 2014, a Helibrás HB-350BA crashed afterward takeoff, in Aruanã, Goiás state, Brazil. All on board died, including retired football player Fernandão.[113]
  • On nine March 2015, ii AS350 B3 collided mid air in La Rioja Province, Argentine republic, killing all ten people on lath both aircraft. The passengers, including a number of French athletes, were participants in the filming of French reality telly program Dropped.
  • On five May 2016, an AS350 registered as RP-C 6828 crashed in Sebuyau, Sarawak killing all 6 people including Malaysia Deputy Minister of Plantation Industries and Commodities, Noriah Kasnon and her married man, and Member of Parliament for Kuala Kangsar, Wan Mohammad Khair-il Anuar.[114]
  • On 11 March 2018, an AS350 N350LH operated by Liberty Helicopters conveying vi people (v passengers and a airplane pilot) crashed into New York City's East River after reportedly suffering engine failure. All v passengers were confirmed dead afterwards the aircraft submerged upside down into the water. The pilot was able to free himself and was rescued by a nearby tugboat.[115]
  • On 27 Feb 2019, an Air Dynasty AS350 B3e helicopter crashed before long after takeoff in Taplejung, Nepal, killing all seven people on board, including Tourism and Civil Aviation Minister Rabindra Adhikari.[116]
  • On 7 March 2021, an AS350 carrying billionaire French politician and industrialist Olivier Dassault crashed on takeoff virtually Deauville (Normandy) with no survivors.[117]
  • On 27 March 2021, an AS350 carrying Czech billionaire Petr Kellner crashed at Knik Glacier (Alaska), killing five.[118]
  • On 1 Nov 2022, an AS350 B3 operated by Midtnorsk Helikopterservice crashed just outside the centre of Verdal, Trøndelag, Norway. Two people died, and one person, the pilot, survived.[119]

Specifications (AS350 B3) [edit]

The cockpit of an AS350 B2, 2006

Information from Brassey'south World Aircraft & Systems Directory 1999/2000[120]

Full general characteristics

  • Crew: i
  • Capacity: 5 pax
  • iv, 5, & six passengers options bachelor.[121] The 6 passenger configuration replaces the single passenger forward seat with a ii-person bench seat[122]
  • Length: 10.93 m (35 ft 10 in) (fuselage)
  • Height: iii.145 m (ten ft iv in)
  • Empty weight: i,174 kg (ii,588 lb)
  • Max takeoff weight: 2,250 kg (iv,960 lb)
  • Powerplant: 1 × Turbomeca Arriel 2B turboshaft engine, 632 kW (848 hp)
  • Main rotor diameter: x.7 m (35 ft 1 in)
  • Main rotor surface area: 89.75 m2 (966.ane sq ft)

Operation

  • Cruise speed: 245 km/h (152 mph, 132 kn)
  • Never exceed speed: 287 km/h (178 mph, 155 kn)
  • Range: 662 km (411 mi, 357 nmi)
  • Endurance: 4 hours 6 minutes
  • Service ceiling: 4,600 m (15,100 ft)
  • Rate of climb: viii.5 m/s (1,670 ft/min)

Avionics
Vehicle and Engine Monitoring Display (VEMD) with Start Limit Indicator (FLI) fitted equally standard.

See besides [edit]

Related development

  • Changhe Z-11
  • Eurocopter AS355 Écureuil two
  • Eurocopter AS550 Fennec
  • Eurocopter EC130

Shipping of comparable role, configuration, and era

  • AgustaWestland AW119 Koala
  • Bell 206
  • Bell 407
  • Enstrom 480
  • Kazan Ansat
  • Kopter AW09
  • MBB Bo 105
  • Medico Helicopters MD 500
  • PZL SW-iv Puszczyk

Related lists

  • List of agile United Kingdom military shipping

References [edit]

Citations [edit]

  1. ^ "Et de 7.000 !".
  2. ^ "Eurocopter AS350, AS355 & EC130 Technical Briefing. Archived 12 Jan 2016 at the Wayback Car", Airbus Helicopters, February 2010.
  3. ^ Fabre, François et al., "Final Report: Eurocopter AS350 Ecureuil/Single Engine Family unit, Revision four. Archived 27 February 2015 at the Wayback Machine", European Aviation Safety Agency, 8 June 2012.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "1974: AS350/355 Ecureuil/AStar- AS550/555 Fennec – EC130." Archived 26 Dec 2015 at the Wayback Machine Eurocopter, Retrieved: 25 December 2015.
  5. ^ Jackson 2003, p. 244.
  6. ^ Taylor 1982, p. 56.
  7. ^ a b c d eastward f Lombardi, Frank. "AStar Evolution. Archived 26 December 2015 at the Wayback Automobile", Aviation Today, 12 May 2015.
  8. ^ Osborne, Tony. "French Unions Dislike Eurocopter's U.Southward. AS350 Plan. Archived 26 Dec 2015 at the Wayback Machine", Aviation Week, 30 September 2013.
  9. ^ "Eurocopter to assemble AS350 aircraft in Mississippi. Archived 28 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine", United Press International, 23 September 2013.
  10. ^ "First United states of america-fabricated Airbus Helicopters AS350 certified. Archived 6 July 2015 at the Wayback Auto", Aerospace Manufacturing and Design, 3 March 2015.
  11. ^ Forrest, Ben. "Airbus aims to ramp upwardly H125 product in Mississippi." Archived 26 December 2015 at the Wayback Car Vertical Magazine, 22 Dec 2015.
  12. ^ a b c Stephens, Ernie, and James T. McKenna. "The AS350 — Versatility and Power. Archived sixteen December 2015 at the Wayback Machine", Rotor & Wing, i June 2007.
  13. ^ "AS350: Hydraulics Out? Fly the Process. Archived 26 Dec 2015 at the Wayback Machine", Rotor & Wing, 1 June 2007.
  14. ^ a b c "Civil: H125." Archived 11 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine Airbus Helicopters, 2015.
  15. ^ a b c "Eurocopter's Helibras Subsidiary to Modernize 36 AS350 Ecureuil Helicopters Operated by the Brazilian Ground forces Aviation Command. Archived 17 June 2015 at the Wayback Automobile", Helicopter Maintenance Mag, 1 February 2011.
  16. ^ "French Everest Mystery Chopper'southward Utopia tiptop". MountEverest.net. 27 June 2005. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
  17. ^ "Everest 2005: The Helicopter land on Everest with video: But it is skilful?". wayback.archive-it.org. Archived from the original on 24 February 2012.
  18. ^ "Landing on Air". National Geographic Take chances. 1 September 2005. Archived from the original on 2 August 2009.
  19. ^ "FAI Record ID #11596 – Highest accept-off Archived v March 2014 at the Wayback Machine" Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI). Retrieved: twenty September 2014.
  20. ^ "Helicopter Rescues in Everest's Western CWM?". Archived from the original on 23 July 2012. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
  21. ^ Bierling, Billi (October 2013). "The height of folly?". Action Asia Magazine. Archived from the original on 20 June 2015. When he fell at the Yellow Band during his descent, Gautam then set up another landmark: for the highest helicopter rescue in the world. The Italian pilot Maurizio Folini took on the daring task and used a 'long line' from 7,800 metres to pull the thirty-year-old off the mountain. The rescue may also cost Gautam his place in the Himalayan Database as, according to Hawley'south criteria, his climb is not complete.
  22. ^ Arnette, Alan (28 February 2014). "Everest 2014: Can I be Rescued on Everest?". Archived from the original on xx June 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  23. ^ Sottocornola, Sara (23 May 2013). "Everest, tape superato: incredibile recupero vicino a campo 4 per Maurizio Folini". montagna.telly (in Portuguese). Archived from the original on xx June 2015. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  24. ^ Wright, Brian (ten June 2013). "Daring High Distance Rescue on Everest Sets Record". Rock and Water ice, The Climber'south Mag. Archived from the original on 17 April 2015.
  25. ^ "AS350 B3e breaks record on Mexico's highest mountain. Archived 28 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine", Vertical Magazine, ii June 2014.
  26. ^ "Several California Police force Enforcement Agencies to Employ New AStar Model. Archived 6 June 2015 at the Wayback Motorcar", Rotor & Fly, 3 March 2015.
  27. ^ "Congressional Record, V. 145, Pt. 11, July 1, 1999 to July fifteen, 1999. Archived 1 Baronial 2017 at the Wayback Motorcar", Government Printing Function, pp. 15192-15193. Retrieved five June 2015.
  28. ^ Schmidt-Creton, Vanessa. "Largest Astar Operator in the US. Archived 12 Jan 2016 at the Wayback Motorcar", Airbus Helicopters, 12 July 2007.
  29. ^ "American Eurocopter Celebrates 200th American-Made AS350 Helicopter. Archived 12 Jan 2016 at the Wayback Motorcar", AviationPros, 20 September 2012.
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External links [edit]

External video
video icon Video of Earth Record-breaking Mountain Everest AS350 B3 landing
video icon An AS350 during winter operations
video icon Demonstration flight of an AS350 B3
  • Eurocopter's AS350 B2 page
  • Eurocopter's AS350 B3 page

A Star Helicopter Top Speed,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurocopter_AS350_%C3%89cureuil

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